A REVIEW ON VOICE ACTIVITY DETECTION AND MEL-FREQUENCY CEPSTRAL COEFFICIENTS FOR SPEAKER RECOGNITION (TREND ANALYSIS)

ABSTRACTObjective: The objective of this review article is to give a complete review of various techniques that are used for speech recognition purposes overtwo decades.Methods: VAD-Voice Activity Detection, SAD-Speech Activity Detection techniques are discussed that are used to distinguish voiced from unvoicedsignals and MFCC- Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient technique is discussed which detects specific features.Results: The review results show that research in MFCC has been dominant in signal processing in comparison to VAD and other existing techniques.Conclusion: A comparison of different speaker recognition techniques that were used previously were discussed and those in current research werealso discussed and a clear idea of the better technique was identified through the review of multiple literature for over two decades.Keywords: Cepstral analysis, Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients, signal processing, speaker recognition, voice activity detection

SIMULATION OF VSC BASED HVDC TRANSMISSION SYSTEM FOR THE INTEGRATION OF WINDFARM INTO GRID

Wind energy has huge potential to become major source of renewable energy for the modern world. For integrating wind farms to the AC grid, HVDC transmission systems have several advantages over AC transmission systems. This paper presents the design and control of voltage source converter based HVDC system for integration of wind farms in to AC grid. The designed VSC-HVDC system performance under steady state conditions and various transient conditions are presented. The PSCAD/EMTDC software package is used for the simulation studies

Interplanetary Consequences of a Large CME

We analyze a coronal mass ejection (CME) which resulted from an intense flare in active region AR486 on November 4, 2003. The CME propagation and speed are studied with interplanetary scintillation images, near-Earth space mission data, and Ulysses measurements. Together, these diverse diagnostics suggest that the internal magnetic energy of the CME determines its interplanetary consequences.Comment: 5 pages, 9 figures, To appear in "Magnetic Coupling between the Interior and the Atmosphere of the Sun", eds. S.S. Hasan and R.J. Rutten, Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, Berlin, 200

Odd Sum Labeling of Graphs Obtained by Duplicating Any Edge of Some Graphs

An injective function $f:V(G)\rightarrow \{0,1,2,\dots,q\}$ is an odd sum labeling if the induced edge labeling $f^*$ defined by $f^*(uv)=f(u)+f(v),$ for all $uv\in E(G),$ is bijective and $f^*(E(G))=\{1,3,5,\dots,2q-1\}.$ A graph is said to be an odd sum graph if it admits an odd sum labeling. In this paper we study the odd sum property of graphs obtained by duplicating any edge of some graphs

A conception with congenitally complicated connection: a rare case of pregnancy with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection

Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is a congenital cyanotic heart disease characterized by abnormal communication of pulmonary veins into the right atrium rather than into the left atrium leading to mixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. Uncorrected TAPVCs do not survive till adulthood and pregnancy in patients with TAPVC is extremely rare. In patients with TAPVC, the heart cannot withstand the hemodynamic changes associated with pregnancy and hence termination of pregnancy in the first trimester is often required. Here we reported an extremely rare case of pregnancy in a patient with uncorrected TAPVC, terminated successfully in our institute without any complication

VOICE RECOGNITION SECURITY SYSTEM USING MEL-FREQUENCY CEPSTRUM COEFFICIENTS

ABSTRACTObjective: Voice Recognition is a fascinating field spanning several areas of computer science and mathematics. Reliable speaker recognition is a hardproblem, requiring a combination of many techniques; however modern methods have been able to achieve an impressive degree of accuracy. Theobjective of this work is to examine various speech and speaker recognition techniques and to apply them to build a simple voice recognition system.Method: The project is implemented on software which uses different techniques such as Mel frequency Cepstrum Coefficient (MFCC), VectorQuantization (VQ) which are implemented using MATLAB.Results: MFCC is used to extract the characteristics from the input speech signal with respect to a particular word uttered by a particular speaker. VQcodebook is generated by clustering the training feature vectors of each speaker and then stored in the speaker database.Conclusion: Verification of the speaker is carried out using Euclidian Distance. For voice recognition we implement the MFCC approach using softwareplatform MatlabR2013b.Keywords: Mel-frequency cepstrum coefficient, Vector quantization, Voice recognition, Hidden Markov model, Euclidean distance

A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching Programme on Levels of Knowledge Regarding Manual Expression of Breast Milk among Postnatal Mothers of NICU Neonates in Selected Hospitals at Namakkal, Tamilnadu

TITLE: A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching Programme on Levels of Knowledge Regarding Manual Expression of Breast Milk among Postnatal Mothers of NICU Neonates in Selected Hospitals at Namakkal. OBJECTIVES: 1. To assess the pretest levels of knowledge regarding manual expression of breast milk among postnatal mothers of NICU neonates in selected hospital. 2. To assess the posttest levels of knowledge regarding manual expression of breast milk among postnatal mothers of NICU neonates in selected hospital. 3. To evaluate the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on levels of knowledge regarding manual expression of breast milk among postnatal mothers of NICU neonates in selected hospitals, Namakkal. 4. To find out the association between pretest levels of knowledge regarding manual expression of breast milk among postnatal mothers of NICU neonates with their selected demographic variables. HYPOTHESES: • H1 - There will be a significant difference between the pretest and post- test levels of knowledge regarding manual expression of breast milk among postnatal mothers of NICU neonates. • H2 - There will be a significant association of pretest levels of knowledge regarding manual expression of breast milk among postnatal mothers of NICU neonates with their selected demographic variables. METHODOLOGY: Quantitative evaluative approach, pre experimental one group pretest and posttest design. The study was conducted at Namakkal. 60 postnatal mothers of NICU neonates were selected by using Non probability purposive sampling technique. Pretest was given with structured knowledge questionnaire. Video assisted teaching was given for 25- 30 minutes. Post test was given after 7 days. RESULT: In pretest 44(73.3%) of them belongs to poor knowledge, 12(20%) of them belongs to average knowledge and 4(6.7%) of them good knowledge whereas in posttest 28(46.7%) of them had good knowledge, 26(43.3%) of them had average knowledge and 6(10%) of them had poor knowledge. Posttest mean knowledge score was found to be 20.80 (69.33%) and SD 4.75. Moreover, the pretest knowledge scores was 12.33(41.11%) and SD 4.62. It revealed that the posttest mean knowledge score were found higher than the pretest knowledge score. The statistical paired ‘t’ test value is11.99 is greater than the table value at 0.0001 level of significance and there was significant associated established with education and occupation of mother in demographic variables. It means of statistical significance in the enhancement of knowledge score indicating the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on manual expression of breast milk among postnatal mothers of NICU neonates. CONCLUSION: The present study was assessed the knowledge regarding manual expression of breast milk among postnatal mothers of NICU neonates. The results revealed that there was a significant difference in pretest and post test scores of knowledge and there was no significant association between posttest knowledge score with selected demographic variables except education, occupation of mothers and previous knowledge regarding expression of breast milk of mothers

Aromatic interactions in tryptophan-containing peptides: crystal structures of model tryptophan peptides and phenylalanine analogs

The crystal structures of the peptides, Boc-Leu-Trp-Val-OMe (1), Ac-Leu-Trp-Val-OMe (2a and 2b), Boc-Leu-Phe-Val-OMe (3), Ac-Leu-Phe-Val-OMe (4), and Boc-Ala-Aib-Leu-Trp-Val-OMe (5) have been determined by X-ray diffraction in order to explore the nature of interactions between aromatic rings, specifically the indole side chain of Trp residues. Peptide 1 adopts a type I β-turn conformation stabilized by an intramolecular 4→1 hydrogen bond. Molecules of 1 pack into helical columns stabilized by two intermolecular hydrogen bonds, Leu(1)NH...O(2)Trp(2) and IndoleNH...O(1)Leu(1). The superhelical columns further pack into the tetragonal space group P43 by means of a continuous network of indole-indole interactions. Peptide 2 crystallizes in two polymorphic forms, P21 (2a) and P212121 (2b). In both forms, the peptide backbone is extended, with antiparallel β-sheet association being observed in crystals. Extended strand conformations and antiparallel β-sheet formation are also observed in the Phe-containing analogs, Boc-Leu-Phe-Val-OMe (3) and Ac-Leu-Phe-Val-OMe (4). Peptide 5 forms a short stretch of 310-helix. Analysis of aromatic-aromatic and aromatic-amide interactions in the structures of peptides, 1, 2a, 2b are reported along with the examples of 14 Trp-containing peptides from the Cambridge Crystallographic Database. The results suggest that there is no dramatic preference for a preferred orientation of two proximal indole rings. In Trp-containing peptides specific orientations of the indole ring, with respect to the preceding and succeeding peptide units, appear to be preferred in β-turns and extended structures